Packet #2137677 Success

STORE_FORWARD_APP packet from Westfield South Side (WFL0) to !ffffffff

Total Receptions

Unique Gateways

Hop Count

Payload Bytes

Packet Information

Database ID:	2137677
Mesh Packet ID:	`0x8ab3a521` Used for correlation across gateways
Timestamp:	2025-11-15 14:54:28 UTC
From Node:	Westfield South Side (WFL0)
To Node:	!ffffffff (ffff)
Success:	Processed
Protocol:	STORE_FORWARD_APP Port: 65

Gateway:	DRP0 Astoria (DRP0)
Channel:	LongFast
RSSI:	-74 dBm
SNR:	6.25 dBm
Hop Info:	4/4 hops Start: 4, Limit: 0
Relay Node:	`ac` JJ00 , swam , 🌀 , A3WS , FF1 , 🌃 , 09ac , feac , 98ac Last byte of the last hop that relayed this packet - Candidate source node(s) based on 0-hop direct receptions

Payload Data

Protocol: STORE_FORWARD_APP

Size: 7 bytes

Decoded: Yes

Decoded Data:

{
  "rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT",
  "heartbeat": {
    "period": 900
  },
  "type": "protobuf",
  "portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP",
  "message_class": "StoreAndForward"
}

Raw Packet Analysis

Complete field breakdown and MQTT privacy/exposure analysis

Packet Structure

MQTT Packet Flow:
ServiceEnvelope (MQTT layer) → MeshPacket (Mesh layer) → Decoded Payload (Application data)

Total Size:	7 bytes
Gateway:	!16c3f47c
Channel:	LongFast
Payload Type:	STORE_FORWARD_APP
Hop Count:	4 / 4

Privacy Summary

Exposure Level:
Broadcast

Privacy Features:
✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Gateway node ID tracked

Exposure Risks:
⚠ Visible to all nodes on channel
⚠ Default channel - no encryption
+ 3 more...

MQTT ServiceEnvelope Fields

MQTT ServiceEnvelope contains the MeshPacket plus routing metadata

Field	Value
`gateway_id`	`!16c3f47c` Node ID format
`channel_id`	`LongFast` Default public channel
`packet`	`MeshPacket` (7 bytes) Contains the actual mesh network packet

MeshPacket Fields

Core mesh packet with routing and payload information

Field	Value	Type
`from`	`1169077677` Source node ID	uint32
`to`	`4294967295` (Broadcast) Visible to all nodes	uint32
`decoded.portnum`	`65` STORE_FORWARD_APP	enum
`decoded.payload_length`	`7` bytes	size
`hop_limit`	Not set	uint32
`hop_start`	`4` Initial hop limit	uint32
`hops_taken`	`4` Calculated: hop_start - hop_limit	derived
`rx_rssi`	`-74.0` dBm Signal strength at gateway	int32
`rx_snr`	`6.25` dB Signal quality at gateway	float
`rx_time`	`1763218552` Receive timestamp	fixed32
`via_mqtt`	False Direct LoRa transmission	bool
`want_ack`	False No ACK requested	bool
`priority`	Not set	enum
`delayed`	Not set	enum
`channel`	Not set	uint32
`pki_encrypted`	False Standard encryption	bool
`next_hop`	Not set	uint32
`relay_node`	`172` Relay node ID	uint32
`tx_after`	Not set	uint32
`timestamp`	`1763218468.6876423` Unix timestamp	uint32

MQTT Privacy & Exposure Analysis

Analysis of privacy features and exposure risks when packet is shared via MQTT

Exposure Level: Broadcast

Privacy Features:

✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Gateway node ID tracked

Exposure Risks:

⚠ Visible to all nodes on channel
⚠ Default channel - no encryption
⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
⚠ Multi-hop path visible (4 hops)
⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)

MQTT-Specific Fields

Gateway ID:	`!16c3f47c`
Signal Metrics:	RSSI: -74.0 dBm SNR: 6.25 dB

Complete Payload Analysis

Detailed breakdown of all payload fields and decoded data

Payload Metadata:

Protocol:	STORE_FORWARD_APP
Size:	7 bytes
Decoded:	Yes

Complete Payload Data (JSON):

{ "rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT", "heartbeat": { "period": 900 }, "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP", "message_class": "StoreAndForward" }

Complete Protobuf Decode (JSON)

{ "service_envelope": { "gateway_id": "!16c3f47c", "channel_id": "LongFast", "packet": "MeshPacket (see mesh_packet below)" }, "mesh_packet": { "from": 1169077677, "to": 4294967295, "id": 2327029025, "rx_time": 1763218552, "rx_snr": 6.25, "rx_rssi": -74, "hop_limit": 0, "hop_start": 4, "via_mqtt": 0, "want_ack": 0, "priority": 0, "delayed": 0, "channel_index": null, "pki_encrypted": 0, "next_hop": 0, "relay_node": 172, "tx_after": 0, "decoded": { "portnum": 65, "payload": "08022203088407", "want_response": null, "dest": null, "source": null, "request_id": null, "reply_id": null, "emoji": null, "parsed_payload": { "rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT", "heartbeat": { "period": 900 }, "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP", "message_class": "StoreAndForward" } } } }

Raw Packet Data (7 bytes)

08022203088407

Hex Analysis:

Size:	7 bytes
Format:	Protobuf (Protocol Buffers)
Encoding:	Binary with varint and length-delimited fields

This is the raw protobuf-encoded payload as received from MQTT. The structure follows the Meshtastic protobuf schema definitions.

All Receptions

All gateways that received this packet
Correlation: Using Mesh Packet ID

Reception Locations

Loading reception map...

Map shows gateway locations that received this packet. Hop counts are displayed if available.

Gateway	Time Offset	RSSI	SNR	Hops	Relay	Channel	Timestamp	Actions
DRP0 Astoria (DRP0) Primary	0.000s Reference	-74.0 dBm	6.25 dB	4	`ac` JJ00 , swam , 🌀 , A3WS , FF1 , 🌃 , 09ac , feac , 98ac	LongFast	2025-11-15 14:54:28 UTC	Current
!ebb328a2 (28a2)	-13.049s Before	Unknown	Unknown	0	`ad` WFL0	LongFast	2025-11-15 14:54:15 UTC	View
K2XAP V4 MS (XAP4)	-11.109s Before	-66.0 dBm	1.25 dB	1	`c9` Penn	LongFast	2025-11-15 14:54:17 UTC	View
MeshM0xie (M0x)	-11.104s Before	-94.0 dBm	-1.25 dB	1	`c9` Penn	LongFast	2025-11-15 14:54:17 UTC	View
Steiner Studios Tower (SST)	-11.100s Before	-115.0 dBm	-9.00 dB	1	`c9` Penn , JLX3	LongFast	2025-11-15 14:54:17 UTC	View
ClaremontWx.net (CmWx)	-11.081s Before	-80.0 dBm	3.25 dB	1	`c9` Penn	LongFast	2025-11-15 14:54:17 UTC	View
Gowanus Soda (p1p)	-10.849s Before	-115.0 dBm	-13.00 dB	1	`c9` Penn	LongFast	2025-11-15 14:54:17 UTC	View
DRP1 Chelsea (DRP1)	-10.786s Before	-77.0 dBm	6.25 dB	1	`c9` Penn , JLX3	LongFast	2025-11-15 14:54:17 UTC	View
1 MW 1 West Side \| https://nyme.sh (1MW1)	-10.323s Before	-104.0 dBm	-6.00 dB	1	`c9` Penn	LongFast	2025-11-15 14:54:18 UTC	View
aurelia (🧚)	-9.994s Before	-110.0 dBm	-1.75 dB	1	`c9` Penn	LongFast	2025-11-15 14:54:18 UTC	View
Meshtastic 631c (631c)	-9.163s Before	-102.0 dBm	-10.75 dB	2	`10` WA2J , 8a10	LongFast	2025-11-15 14:54:19 UTC	View
bit0fun \| nyme.sh (🟠)	-9.054s Before	-111.0 dBm	-14.75 dB	2	`10` WA2J	LongFast	2025-11-15 14:54:19 UTC	View
dkTowerBot (dkTB)	-8.685s Before	-109.0 dBm	-18.50 dB	2	`90` VPP1	LongFast	2025-11-15 14:54:20 UTC	View
BeMoreSQUIP 1 (VPP1)	-7.928s Before	-100.0 dBm	2.00 dB	2	`33`	LongFast	2025-11-15 14:54:20 UTC	View
Fried Fish 1 \| nyme.sh (FF1)	-7.382s Before	-82.0 dBm	-13.50 dB	3	`40` BRRN	LongFast	2025-11-15 14:54:21 UTC	View
Claudiopolis-440c (440c)	-6.703s Before	-99.0 dBm	-7.75 dB	2	`f4` ⚡1 , JLO6	LongFast	2025-11-15 14:54:21 UTC	View
GSI Portable (GSIP)	-1.085s Before	-103.0 dBm	-10.75 dB	3	`b4` PARK	LongFast	2025-11-15 14:54:27 UTC	View
SACKMESHv3 \| https://nyme.sh (SMv3)	-0.420s Before	-126.0 dBm	-19.25 dB	2	`e6`	LongFast	2025-11-15 14:54:28 UTC	View
JLO6 - Corona Solar (JLO6)	+106.718s After	-106.0 dBm	-7.00 dB	2	`16` JLX1	LongFast	2025-11-15 14:56:15 UTC	View

19

Total Receptions

19

Unique Gateways