Packet #2830440 Success

TRACEROUTE_APP packet from Cold Spring, NY (COLD) to Explorer 1 (exp1)

1
Total Receptions
1
Unique Gateways
4
Hop Count
98
Payload Bytes
Packet Information
Database ID: 2830440
Mesh Packet ID: 0x3efb1a38
Used for correlation across gateways
Timestamp: 2025-11-28 03:19:36 UTC
From Node: Cold Spring, NY (COLD)
To Node: Explorer 1 (exp1)
Success: Processed
Protocol: TRACEROUTE_APP
Port: 70
Gateway: K2CAT/Home (K2CT)
Channel: LongFast
RSSI: -106 dBm
SNR: -4.75 dBm
Hop Info: 4/5 hops
Start: 5, Limit: 1
Relay Node: 2f KCAT
Last byte of the last hop that relayed this packet - Candidate source node(s) based on 0-hop direct receptions
Payload Data
Protocol: TRACEROUTE_APP
Size: 98 bytes
Decoded: Yes
Decoded Data:
Route Information
Route Path: Rockbound Highland Repeater (RHR) → !b03bcac0 → !ffffffff
Hop Count: 2 hops
Status: Forward incomplete, Return in progress
SNR Towards: -14.75 dB 5.0 dB -32.0 dB -1.75 dB
Return Path: !c2abcf70 → !2efb081e → !ffffffff → K2CAT-Rosendale-Node (KCAT)
SNR Back: 5.5 dB -3.25 dB -32.0 dB -11.75 dB
Route Visualization

Loading route map...

Map shows the geographic path if nodes have shared location data.
Traceroute Steps
Hop From Node To Node Distance SNR (dB) Direction Analysis
1 Explorer 1 (exp1) Rockbound Highland Repeater (RHR) Unknown -14.75 dB Origin Hops
2 Rockbound Highland Repeater (RHR) !b03bcac0 Unknown 5.0 dB Relay Hops
3 !b03bcac0 !ffffffff Unknown -32.0 dB Relay Hops
4 !ffffffff Cold Spring, NY (COLD) Unknown -1.75 dB Relay Hops
Traceroute incomplete - Final destination not reached
Return Path Steps
Hop From Node To Node Distance SNR (dB) Direction Analysis
1 Cold Spring, NY (COLD) !c2abcf70 Unknown 5.5 dB Return Start Hops
2 !c2abcf70 !2efb081e Unknown -3.25 dB Return Relay Hops
3 !2efb081e !ffffffff Unknown -32.0 dB Return Relay Hops
4 !ffffffff K2CAT-Rosendale-Node (KCAT) Unknown -11.75 dB Return End Hops
Combined Traceroute Graph
Controls: Drag nodes to rearrange • Mouse wheel to zoom • Click and drag background to pan • Hover for details

Building graph...

Legend & Paths
Nodes
🔄 Router Node
📡 Gateway Node
🚀 Source Node
🎯 Target Node
Connections
RF Link
Gateway Connection
Direct Reception (0 hops)
Packet Paths
Loading paths...
Raw Packet Analysis
Complete field breakdown and MQTT privacy/exposure analysis
Packet Structure
MQTT Packet Flow:
ServiceEnvelope (MQTT layer) → MeshPacket (Mesh layer) → Decoded Payload (Application data)
Total Size:98 bytes
Gateway:!33697bf4
Channel:LongFast
Payload Type:TRACEROUTE_APP
Hop Count:4 / 5
Privacy Summary
Exposure Level:
Direct Message
Privacy Features:
✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Acknowledgment requested
+ 2 more...
Exposure Risks:
⚠ Default channel - no encryption
⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
+ 2 more...
MQTT ServiceEnvelope Fields

MQTT ServiceEnvelope contains the MeshPacket plus routing metadata

FieldValue
gateway_id !33697bf4
Node ID format
channel_id LongFast
Default public channel
packet MeshPacket (98 bytes)
Contains the actual mesh network packet
MeshPacket Fields

Core mesh packet with routing and payload information

FieldValueType
from 1050907900
Source node ID 		uint32
to 3679573496
Target node ID 		uint32
decoded.portnum 70
TRACEROUTE_APP 		enum
decoded.payload_length 98 bytes size
hop_limit 1
Remaining hops allowed 		uint32
hop_start 5
Initial hop limit 		uint32
hops_taken 4
Calculated: hop_start - hop_limit 		derived
rx_rssi -106.0 dBm
Signal strength at gateway 		int32
rx_snr -4.75 dB
Signal quality at gateway 		float
rx_time 1764300084
Receive timestamp 		fixed32
via_mqtt False
Direct LoRa transmission 		bool
want_ack True
Acknowledgment requested 		bool
priority Not set enum
delayed Not set enum
channel Not set uint32
pki_encrypted False
Standard encryption 		bool
next_hop Not set uint32
relay_node 47
Relay node ID 		uint32
tx_after Not set uint32
timestamp 1764299976.5686026
Unix timestamp 		uint32
MQTT Privacy & Exposure Analysis

Analysis of privacy features and exposure risks when packet is shared via MQTT

Exposure Level: Direct Message
Privacy Features:
  • ✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
  • ✓ Acknowledgment requested
  • ✓ Targeted to specific node
  • ✓ Gateway node ID tracked
Exposure Risks:
  • ⚠ Default channel - no encryption
  • ⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
  • ⚠ Multi-hop path visible (4 hops)
  • ⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)
MQTT-Specific Fields
Want ack: True
Gateway ID: !33697bf4
Signal Metrics: RSSI: -106.0 dBm
SNR: -4.75 dB
Complete Payload Analysis

Detailed breakdown of all payload fields and decoded data

Payload Metadata:
Protocol:TRACEROUTE_APP
Size:98 bytes
Decoded: Yes
Complete Payload Data (JSON):
{ "route_nodes": [ 2733238828, 2956708544, 4294967295 ], "snr_towards": [ -14.75, 5.0, -32.0, -1.75 ], "route_back": [ 3266039664, 788203550, 4294967295, 1713293871 ], "snr_back": [ 5.5, -3.25, -32.0, -11.75 ], "route_node_names": { "2956708544": "!b03bcac0", "2733238828": "Rockbound Highland Repeater (RHR)", "1713293871": "K2CAT-Rosendale-Node (KCAT)", "3266039664": "!c2abcf70", "3679573496": "Explorer 1 (exp1)", "1050907900": "Cold Spring, NY (COLD)", "788203550": "!2efb081e", "4294967295": "!ffffffff" }, "traceroute_packet": { "packet_data": { "id": 2830440, "timestamp": 1764299976.5686026, "from_node_id": 1050907900, "to_node_id": 3679573496, "portnum": 70, "portnum_name": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "gateway_id": "!33697bf4", "channel_id": "LongFast", "mesh_packet_id": 1056643640, "rssi": -106, "snr": -4.75, "hop_limit": 1, "hop_start": 5, "payload_length": 98, "processed_successfully": 1, "raw_payload": "0a0c2ceae9a2c0ca3bb0ffffffff121fc5ffffffffffffffff011480ffffffffffffffff01f9ffffffffffffffff011a1070cfabc21e08fb2effffffff2fca1e66221f16f3ffffffffffffffff0180ffffffffffffffff01d1ffffffffffffffff01", "via_mqtt": 0, "want_ack": 1, "priority": 0, "delayed": 0, "channel_index": null, "rx_time": 1764300084, "pki_encrypted": 0, "next_hop": 0, "relay_node": 47, "tx_after": 0, "timestamp_str": "2025-11-28 03:19:36 UTC", "hop_count": 4, "has_payload": true, "success": 1, "from_node_name": "Cold Spring, NY (COLD)", "to_node_name": "Explorer 1 (exp1)", "relay_hex": "2f", "relay_candidates": [ { "node_id": 1713293871, "node_name": "K2CAT-Rosendale-Node", "hex_id": "!661eca2f", "short_name": "KCAT", "last_byte": "2f" } ], "gateway_name": "K2CAT/Home (K2CT)", "gateway_location": { "node_id": 862551028, "latitude": 41.7333248, "longitude": -74.0294656, "altitude": 21, "timestamp": 1764534082.7576878, "timestamp_str": "2025-11-30 15:21:22", "display_name": "K2CAT/Home", "long_name": "K2CAT/Home", "short_name": "K2CT", "hw_model": "HELTEC_V3" } }, "resolve_names": true, "packet_id": 2830440, "from_node_id": 1050907900, "to_node_id": 3679573496, "timestamp": 1764299976.5686026, "gateway_id": "!33697bf4", "raw_payload": "0a0c2ceae9a2c0ca3bb0ffffffff121fc5ffffffffffffffff011480ffffffffffffffff01f9ffffffffffffffff011a1070cfabc21e08fb2effffffff2fca1e66221f16f3ffffffffffffffff0180ffffffffffffffff01d1ffffffffffffffff01", "hop_limit": 1, "hop_start": 5, "from_node_name": "Cold Spring, NY (COLD)", "to_node_name": "Explorer 1 (exp1)", "route_data": { "route_nodes": [ 2733238828, 2956708544, 4294967295 ], "snr_towards": [ -14.75, 5.0, -32.0, -1.75 ], "route_back": [ 3266039664, 788203550, 4294967295, 1713293871 ], "snr_back": [ 5.5, -3.25, -32.0, -11.75 ] }, "forward_path": { "path_type": "forward_with_return", "node_ids": [ 3679573496, 2733238828, 2956708544, 4294967295, 1050907900 ], "node_names": [ "Explorer 1 (exp1)", "Rockbound Highland Repeater (RHR)", "!b03bcac0", "!ffffffff", "Cold Spring, NY (COLD)" ], "snr_values": [ -14.75, 5.0, -32.0, -1.75 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 3679573496, "to_node_id": 2733238828, "from_node_name": "Explorer 1 (exp1)", "to_node_name": "Rockbound Highland Repeater (RHR)", "snr": -14.75, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2733238828, "to_node_id": 2956708544, "from_node_name": "Rockbound Highland Repeater (RHR)", "to_node_name": "!b03bcac0", "snr": 5.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 2956708544, "to_node_id": 4294967295, "from_node_name": "!b03bcac0", "to_node_name": "!ffffffff", "snr": -32.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 4, "from_node_id": 4294967295, "to_node_id": 1050907900, "from_node_name": "!ffffffff", "to_node_name": "Cold Spring, NY (COLD)", "snr": -1.75, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 4 }, "return_path": { "path_type": "return", "node_ids": [ 1050907900, 3266039664, 788203550, 4294967295, 1713293871 ], "node_names": [ "Cold Spring, NY (COLD)", "!c2abcf70", "!2efb081e", "!ffffffff", "K2CAT-Rosendale-Node (KCAT)" ], "snr_values": [ 5.5, -3.25, -32.0, -11.75 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 1050907900, "to_node_id": 3266039664, "from_node_name": "Cold Spring, NY (COLD)", "to_node_name": "!c2abcf70", "snr": 5.5, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 3266039664, "to_node_id": 788203550, "from_node_name": "!c2abcf70", "to_node_name": "!2efb081e", "snr": -3.25, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 788203550, "to_node_id": 4294967295, "from_node_name": "!2efb081e", "to_node_name": "!ffffffff", "snr": -32.0, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 4, "from_node_id": 4294967295, "to_node_id": 1713293871, "from_node_name": "!ffffffff", "to_node_name": "K2CAT-Rosendale-Node (KCAT)", "snr": -11.75, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 4 }, "actual_rf_path": { "path_type": "combined_rf", "node_ids": [ 3679573496, 2733238828, 2956708544, 4294967295, 1050907900, 3266039664, 788203550, 1713293871 ], "node_names": [ "Explorer 1 (exp1)", "Rockbound Highland Repeater (RHR)", "!b03bcac0", "!ffffffff", "Cold Spring, NY (COLD)", "!c2abcf70", "!2efb081e", "K2CAT-Rosendale-Node (KCAT)" ], "snr_values": [ -14.75, 5.0, -32.0, -1.75, 5.5, -3.25, -32.0, -11.75 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 3679573496, "to_node_id": 2733238828, "from_node_name": "Explorer 1 (exp1)", "to_node_name": "Rockbound Highland Repeater (RHR)", "snr": -14.75, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2733238828, "to_node_id": 2956708544, "from_node_name": "Rockbound Highland Repeater (RHR)", "to_node_name": "!b03bcac0", "snr": 5.0, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 2956708544, "to_node_id": 4294967295, "from_node_name": "!b03bcac0", "to_node_name": "!ffffffff", "snr": -32.0, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 4, "from_node_id": 4294967295, "to_node_id": 1050907900, "from_node_name": "!ffffffff", "to_node_name": "Cold Spring, NY (COLD)", "snr": -1.75, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 5, "from_node_id": 1050907900, "to_node_id": 3266039664, "from_node_name": "Cold Spring, NY (COLD)", "to_node_name": "!c2abcf70", "snr": 5.5, "direction": "return_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 6, "from_node_id": 3266039664, "to_node_id": 788203550, "from_node_name": "!c2abcf70", "to_node_name": "!2efb081e", "snr": -3.25, "direction": "return_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 7, "from_node_id": 788203550, "to_node_id": 4294967295, "from_node_name": "!2efb081e", "to_node_name": "!ffffffff", "snr": -32.0, "direction": "return_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 8, "from_node_id": 4294967295, "to_node_id": 1713293871, "from_node_name": "!ffffffff", "to_node_name": "K2CAT-Rosendale-Node (KCAT)", "snr": -11.75, "direction": "return_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 8 } }, "has_return_path": true, "is_complete": false, "forward_path_display": "Explorer 1 (exp1) → Rockbound Highland Repeater (RHR) → !b03bcac0 → !ffffffff → Cold Spring, NY (COLD)", "return_path_display": "Cold Spring, NY (COLD) → !c2abcf70 → !2efb081e → !ffffffff → K2CAT-Rosendale-Node (KCAT)", "actual_rf_path_display": "Explorer 1 (exp1) → Rockbound Highland Repeater (RHR) → !b03bcac0 → !ffffffff → Cold Spring, NY (COLD) → !c2abcf70 → !2efb081e → K2CAT-Rosendale-Node (KCAT)", "forward_hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 3679573496, "to_node_id": 2733238828, "from_node_name": "Explorer 1 (exp1)", "to_node_name": "Rockbound Highland Repeater (RHR)", "snr": -14.75, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 2733238828, "to_node_id": 2956708544, "from_node_name": "Rockbound Highland Repeater (RHR)", "to_node_name": "!b03bcac0", "snr": 5.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 2956708544, "to_node_id": 4294967295, "from_node_name": "!b03bcac0", "to_node_name": "!ffffffff", "snr": -32.0, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 4, "from_node_id": 4294967295, "to_node_id": 1050907900, "from_node_name": "!ffffffff", "to_node_name": "Cold Spring, NY (COLD)", "snr": -1.75, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" } ], "return_hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 1050907900, "to_node_id": 3266039664, "from_node_name": "Cold Spring, NY (COLD)", "to_node_name": "!c2abcf70", "snr": 5.5, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 3266039664, "to_node_id": 788203550, "from_node_name": "!c2abcf70", "to_node_name": "!2efb081e", "snr": -3.25, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 788203550, "to_node_id": 4294967295, "from_node_name": "!2efb081e", "to_node_name": "!ffffffff", "snr": -32.0, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 4, "from_node_id": 4294967295, "to_node_id": 1713293871, "from_node_name": "!ffffffff", "to_node_name": "K2CAT-Rosendale-Node (KCAT)", "snr": -11.75, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" } ], "total_forward_distance": 0, "total_return_distance": 0 }
Complete Protobuf Decode (JSON)
{ "service_envelope": { "gateway_id": "!33697bf4", "channel_id": "LongFast", "packet": "MeshPacket (see mesh_packet below)" }, "mesh_packet": { "from": 1050907900, "to": 3679573496, "id": 1056643640, "rx_time": 1764300084, "rx_snr": -4.75, "rx_rssi": -106, "hop_limit": 1, "hop_start": 5, "via_mqtt": 0, "want_ack": 1, "priority": 0, "delayed": 0, "channel_index": null, "pki_encrypted": 0, "next_hop": 0, "relay_node": 47, "tx_after": 0, "decoded": { "portnum": 70, "payload": "0a0c2ceae9a2c0ca3bb0ffffffff121fc5ffffffffffffffff011480ffffffffffffffff01f9ffffffffffffffff011a1070cfabc21e08fb2effffffff2fca1e66221f16f3ffffffffffffffff0180ffffffffffffffff01d1ffffffffffffffff01", "want_response": null, "dest": null, "source": null, "request_id": null, "reply_id": null, "emoji": null, "parsed_payload": { "route": [ 2733238828, 2956708544, 4294967295 ], "snr_towards": [ -59, 20, -128, -7 ], "route_back": [ 3266039664, 788203550, 4294967295, 1713293871 ], "snr_back": [ 22, -13, -128, -47 ], "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "message_class": "RouteDiscovery" } } } }
Raw Packet Data (98 bytes)
0a0c2ceae9a2c0ca3bb0ffffffff121fc5ffffffffffffffff011480ffffffffffffffff01f9ffffffffffffffff011a1070cfabc21e08fb2effffffff2fca1e66221f16f3ffffffffffffffff0180ffffffffffffffff01d1ffffffffffffffff01
Hex Analysis:
Size:98 bytes
Format:Protobuf (Protocol Buffers)
Encoding:Binary with varint and length-delimited fields
This is the raw protobuf-encoded payload as received from MQTT. The structure follows the Meshtastic protobuf schema definitions.
All Receptions
All gateways that received this packet
Correlation: Using Mesh Packet ID
Gateway Time Offset RSSI SNR Hops Relay Channel Timestamp Actions
K2CAT/Home (K2CT) Primary 0.000s
Reference 		-106.0 dBm -4.75 dB 4 2f KCAT LongFast 2025-11-28 03:19:36 UTC Current
No other receptions found within ±2 seconds
1

Total Receptions

1

Unique Gateways