Packet #2878309

Database ID:	2878309
Mesh Packet ID:	`0xeb943a4a` Used for correlation across gateways
Timestamp:	2025-11-29 04:29:33 UTC
From Node:	K2CAT/Magsafe (K2CT)
To Node:	!ffffffff (ffff)
Success:	Processed
Protocol:	POSITION_APP Port: 3

Gateway:	K2CAT/Home (K2CT)
Channel:	LongFast
RSSI:	-26 dBm
SNR:	6.5 dBm
Hop Info:	0/7 hops Start: 7, Limit: 7
Relay Node:	`02` K2CT Last byte of the last hop that relayed this packet - Candidate source node(s) based on 0-hop direct receptions

Latitude:	41.864397°
Longitude:	-74.055680°
Altitude:	19 m
Precision:	13 bits

Raw Packet Analysis

Complete field breakdown and MQTT privacy/exposure analysis

Packet Structure

MQTT Packet Flow:
ServiceEnvelope (MQTT layer) → MeshPacket (Mesh layer) → Decoded Payload (Application data)

Total Size:	22 bytes
Gateway:	!33697bf4
Channel:	LongFast
Payload Type:	POSITION_APP
Hop Count:	Unknown / 7

Privacy Summary

Exposure Level:
Broadcast

Privacy Features:
✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Gateway node ID tracked
+ 2 more...

Exposure Risks:
⚠ Visible to all nodes on channel
⚠ Default channel - no encryption
+ 2 more...

MQTT ServiceEnvelope Fields

MQTT ServiceEnvelope contains the MeshPacket plus routing metadata

Field	Value
`gateway_id`	`!33697bf4` Node ID format
`channel_id`	`LongFast` Default public channel
`packet`	`MeshPacket` (22 bytes) Contains the actual mesh network packet

MeshPacket Fields

Core mesh packet with routing and payload information

Field	Value	Type
`from`	`493957890` Source node ID	uint32
`to`	`4294967295` (Broadcast) Visible to all nodes	uint32
`decoded.portnum`	`3` POSITION_APP	enum
`decoded.payload_length`	`22` bytes	size
`hop_limit`	`7` Remaining hops allowed	uint32
`hop_start`	`7` Initial hop limit	uint32
`hops_taken`	`0` Calculated: hop_start - hop_limit	derived
`rx_rssi`	`-26.0` dBm Signal strength at gateway	int32
`rx_snr`	`6.50` dB Signal quality at gateway	float
`rx_time`	`1764390685` Receive timestamp	fixed32
`via_mqtt`	False Direct LoRa transmission	bool
`want_ack`	False No ACK requested	bool
`priority`	Not set	enum
`delayed`	Not set	enum
`channel`	Not set	uint32
`pki_encrypted`	False Standard encryption	bool
`next_hop`	Not set	uint32
`relay_node`	`2` Relay node ID	uint32
`tx_after`	Not set	uint32
`timestamp`	`1764390573.2284017` Unix timestamp	uint32

MQTT Privacy & Exposure Analysis

Analysis of privacy features and exposure risks when packet is shared via MQTT

Exposure Level: Broadcast

Privacy Features:

✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Gateway node ID tracked
✓ Reduced position precision: ~2900.0m accuracy
✓ Zero-hop: direct from source to MQTT gateway

Exposure Risks:

⚠ Visible to all nodes on channel
⚠ Default channel - no encryption
⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)

MQTT-Specific Fields

Gateway ID:	`!33697bf4`
Position Precision:	13 bits (~2900.0m accuracy)
Position precision meters:	`2900.0`
Zero Hop Policy:	Enabled Direct gateway connection
Signal Metrics:	RSSI: -26.0 dBm SNR: 6.50 dB

Complete Payload Analysis

Detailed breakdown of all payload fields and decoded data

Payload Metadata:

Protocol:	POSITION_APP
Size:	22 bytes
Decoded:	Yes

Complete Payload Data (JSON):

{ "latitude": 41.8643968, "longitude": -74.05568, "altitude": 19, "sats_in_view": null, "precision_bits": 13 }

Complete Protobuf Decode (JSON)

{ "service_envelope": { "gateway_id": "!33697bf4", "channel_id": "LongFast", "packet": "MeshPacket (see mesh_packet below)" }, "mesh_packet": { "from": 493957890, "to": 4294967295, "id": 3952360010, "rx_time": 1764390685, "rx_snr": 6.5, "rx_rssi": -26, "hop_limit": 7, "hop_start": 7, "via_mqtt": 0, "want_ack": 0, "priority": 0, "delayed": 0, "channel_index": null, "pki_encrypted": 0, "next_hop": 0, "relay_node": 2, "tx_after": 0, "decoded": { "portnum": 3, "payload": "0d0000f418150000dcd3181328037800800100b8010d", "want_response": null, "dest": null, "source": null, "request_id": null, "reply_id": null, "emoji": null, "parsed_payload": { "latitude_i": 418643968, "longitude_i": -740556800, "altitude": 19, "location_source": "LOC_EXTERNAL", "ground_speed": 0, "ground_track": 0, "precision_bits": 13, "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "POSITION_APP", "message_class": "Position" } } } }

Raw Packet Data (22 bytes)

0d0000f418150000dcd3181328037800800100b8010d

Hex Analysis:

Size:	22 bytes
Format:	Protobuf (Protocol Buffers)
Encoding:	Binary with varint and length-delimited fields

This is the raw protobuf-encoded payload as received from MQTT. The structure follows the Meshtastic protobuf schema definitions.

Packet #2878309 Success

Packet Information

Payload Data

Decoded Data: