Packet #2878730

Database ID:	2878730
Mesh Packet ID:	`0x643c2b67` Used for correlation across gateways
Timestamp:	2025-11-29 04:39:18 UTC
From Node:	Popolopen Torne (HR)
To Node:	!ffffffff (ffff)
Success:	Processed
Protocol:	TELEMETRY_APP Port: 67

Gateway:	Cams Rak4631 (CARA)
Channel:	LongFast
RSSI:	-46 dBm
SNR:	6.25 dBm
Hop Info:	4/7 hops Start: 7, Limit: 3
Relay Node:	`f4` CAMR Last byte of the last hop that relayed this packet - Candidate source node(s) based on 0-hop direct receptions

Battery:	101%
Voltage:	4.25 V
Channel Usage:	19.1%
Air Util TX:	2.4%

Raw Packet Analysis

Complete field breakdown and MQTT privacy/exposure analysis

Packet Structure

MQTT Packet Flow:
ServiceEnvelope (MQTT layer) → MeshPacket (Mesh layer) → Decoded Payload (Application data)

Total Size:	28 bytes
Gateway:	!953f7321
Channel:	LongFast
Payload Type:	TELEMETRY_APP
Hop Count:	4 / 7

Privacy Summary

Exposure Level:
Broadcast

Privacy Features:
✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Gateway node ID tracked

Exposure Risks:
⚠ Visible to all nodes on channel
⚠ Default channel - no encryption
+ 3 more...

MQTT ServiceEnvelope Fields

MQTT ServiceEnvelope contains the MeshPacket plus routing metadata

Field	Value
`gateway_id`	`!953f7321` Node ID format
`channel_id`	`LongFast` Default public channel
`packet`	`MeshPacket` (28 bytes) Contains the actual mesh network packet

MeshPacket Fields

Core mesh packet with routing and payload information

Field	Value	Type
`from`	`1802057947` Source node ID	uint32
`to`	`4294967295` (Broadcast) Visible to all nodes	uint32
`decoded.portnum`	`67` TELEMETRY_APP	enum
`decoded.payload_length`	`28` bytes	size
`hop_limit`	`3` Remaining hops allowed	uint32
`hop_start`	`7` Initial hop limit	uint32
`hops_taken`	`4` Calculated: hop_start - hop_limit	derived
`rx_rssi`	`-46.0` dBm Signal strength at gateway	int32
`rx_snr`	`6.25` dB Signal quality at gateway	float
`rx_time`	`1764391270` Receive timestamp	fixed32
`via_mqtt`	False Direct LoRa transmission	bool
`want_ack`	False No ACK requested	bool
`priority`	Not set	enum
`delayed`	Not set	enum
`channel`	Not set	uint32
`pki_encrypted`	False Standard encryption	bool
`next_hop`	Not set	uint32
`relay_node`	`244` Relay node ID	uint32
`tx_after`	Not set	uint32
`timestamp`	`1764391158.998369` Unix timestamp	uint32

MQTT Privacy & Exposure Analysis

Analysis of privacy features and exposure risks when packet is shared via MQTT

Exposure Level: Broadcast

Privacy Features:

✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Gateway node ID tracked

Exposure Risks:

⚠ Visible to all nodes on channel
⚠ Default channel - no encryption
⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
⚠ Multi-hop path visible (4 hops)
⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)

MQTT-Specific Fields

Gateway ID:	`!953f7321`
Signal Metrics:	RSSI: -46.0 dBm SNR: 6.25 dB

Complete Payload Analysis

Detailed breakdown of all payload fields and decoded data

Payload Metadata:

Protocol:	TELEMETRY_APP
Size:	28 bytes
Decoded:	Yes

Complete Payload Data (JSON):

{ "time": 1764390813, "device_metrics": { "battery_level": 101, "voltage": 4.247, "channel_utilization": 19.138332, "air_util_tx": 2.376, "uptime_seconds": 2036461 } }

Complete Protobuf Decode (JSON)

{ "service_envelope": { "gateway_id": "!953f7321", "channel_id": "LongFast", "packet": "MeshPacket (see mesh_packet below)" }, "mesh_packet": { "from": 1802057947, "to": 4294967295, "id": 1681664871, "rx_time": 1764391270, "rx_snr": 6.25, "rx_rssi": -46, "hop_limit": 3, "hop_start": 7, "via_mqtt": 0, "want_ack": 0, "priority": 0, "delayed": 0, "channel_index": null, "pki_encrypted": 0, "next_hop": 0, "relay_node": 244, "tx_after": 0, "decoded": { "portnum": 67, "payload": "0d9d772a6912150865156de787401d4e1b9941256210184028eda57c", "want_response": null, "dest": null, "source": null, "request_id": null, "reply_id": null, "emoji": null, "parsed_payload": { "time": 1764390813, "device_metrics": { "battery_level": 101, "voltage": 4.247, "channel_utilization": 19.138332, "air_util_tx": 2.376, "uptime_seconds": 2036461 }, "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "TELEMETRY_APP", "message_class": "Telemetry" } } } }

Raw Packet Data (28 bytes)

0d9d772a6912150865156de787401d4e1b9941256210184028eda57c

Hex Analysis:

Size:	28 bytes
Format:	Protobuf (Protocol Buffers)
Encoding:	Binary with varint and length-delimited fields

This is the raw protobuf-encoded payload as received from MQTT. The structure follows the Meshtastic protobuf schema definitions.

Packet #2878730 Success

Packet Information

Payload Data

Decoded Data:

Device Metrics: