Packet #2879124

Database ID:	2879124
Mesh Packet ID:	`0xbeb52e18` Used for correlation across gateways
Timestamp:	2025-11-29 04:55:06 UTC
From Node:	K2CAT-Rosendale-Node (KCAT)
To Node:	!ffffffff (ffff)
Success:	Processed
Protocol:	NODEINFO_APP Port: 4

Gateway:	K2CAT/Home (K2CT)
Channel:	LongFast
RSSI:	-113 dBm
SNR:	-4.0 dBm
Hop Info:	0/7 hops Start: 7, Limit: 7
Relay Node:	`2f` KCAT Last byte of the last hop that relayed this packet - Candidate source node(s) based on 0-hop direct receptions

Long Name:	K2CAT-Rosendale-Node
Short Name:	KCAT
Node ID:	!661eca2f
MAC Address:	xLxmHsov
Hardware:	RAK4631

Raw Packet Analysis

Complete field breakdown and MQTT privacy/exposure analysis

Packet Structure

MQTT Packet Flow:
ServiceEnvelope (MQTT layer) → MeshPacket (Mesh layer) → Decoded Payload (Application data)

Total Size:	85 bytes
Gateway:	!33697bf4
Channel:	LongFast
Payload Type:	NODEINFO_APP
Hop Count:	Unknown / 7

Privacy Summary

Exposure Level:
Broadcast

Privacy Features:
✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Gateway node ID tracked
+ 1 more...

Exposure Risks:
⚠ Visible to all nodes on channel
⚠ Default channel - no encryption
+ 2 more...

MQTT ServiceEnvelope Fields

MQTT ServiceEnvelope contains the MeshPacket plus routing metadata

Field	Value
`gateway_id`	`!33697bf4` Node ID format
`channel_id`	`LongFast` Default public channel
`packet`	`MeshPacket` (85 bytes) Contains the actual mesh network packet

MeshPacket Fields

Core mesh packet with routing and payload information

Field	Value	Type
`from`	`1713293871` Source node ID	uint32
`to`	`4294967295` (Broadcast) Visible to all nodes	uint32
`decoded.portnum`	`4` NODEINFO_APP	enum
`decoded.payload_length`	`85` bytes	size
`hop_limit`	`7` Remaining hops allowed	uint32
`hop_start`	`7` Initial hop limit	uint32
`hops_taken`	`0` Calculated: hop_start - hop_limit	derived
`rx_rssi`	`-113.0` dBm Signal strength at gateway	int32
`rx_snr`	`-4.00` dB Signal quality at gateway	float
`rx_time`	`1764392217` Receive timestamp	fixed32
`via_mqtt`	False Direct LoRa transmission	bool
`want_ack`	False No ACK requested	bool
`priority`	Not set	enum
`delayed`	Not set	enum
`channel`	Not set	uint32
`pki_encrypted`	False Standard encryption	bool
`next_hop`	Not set	uint32
`relay_node`	`47` Relay node ID	uint32
`tx_after`	Not set	uint32
`timestamp`	`1764392106.14183` Unix timestamp	uint32

MQTT Privacy & Exposure Analysis

Analysis of privacy features and exposure risks when packet is shared via MQTT

Exposure Level: Broadcast

Privacy Features:

✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Gateway node ID tracked
✓ Zero-hop: direct from source to MQTT gateway

Exposure Risks:

⚠ Visible to all nodes on channel
⚠ Default channel - no encryption
⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)

MQTT-Specific Fields

Gateway ID:	`!33697bf4`
Zero Hop Policy:	Enabled Direct gateway connection
Signal Metrics:	RSSI: -113.0 dBm SNR: -4.00 dB

Complete Payload Analysis

Detailed breakdown of all payload fields and decoded data

Payload Metadata:

Protocol:	NODEINFO_APP
Size:	85 bytes
Decoded:	Yes

Complete Payload Data (JSON):

{ "id": "!661eca2f", "long_name": "K2CAT-Rosendale-Node", "short_name": "KCAT", "macaddr": "xLxmHsov", "hw_model": "RAK4631" }

Complete Protobuf Decode (JSON)

{ "service_envelope": { "gateway_id": "!33697bf4", "channel_id": "LongFast", "packet": "MeshPacket (see mesh_packet below)" }, "mesh_packet": { "from": 1713293871, "to": 4294967295, "id": 3199544856, "rx_time": 1764392217, "rx_snr": -4.0, "rx_rssi": -113, "hop_limit": 7, "hop_start": 7, "via_mqtt": 0, "want_ack": 0, "priority": 0, "delayed": 0, "channel_index": null, "pki_encrypted": 0, "next_hop": 0, "relay_node": 47, "tx_after": 0, "decoded": { "portnum": 4, "payload": "0a0921363631656361326612144b324341542d526f73656e64616c652d4e6f64651a044b4341542206c4bc661eca2f280942203a430e81abc37c00c9378939b19a1c57c6594e938a15dd1175971a2e50255b384800", "want_response": null, "dest": null, "source": null, "request_id": null, "reply_id": null, "emoji": null, "parsed_payload": { "id": "!661eca2f", "long_name": "K2CAT-Rosendale-Node", "short_name": "KCAT", "macaddr": "xLxmHsov", "hw_model": "RAK4631", "public_key": "OkMOgavDfADJN4k5sZocV8ZZTpOKFd0RdZcaLlAlWzg=", "is_unmessagable": false, "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "NODEINFO_APP", "message_class": "User" } } } }

Raw Packet Data (85 bytes)

0a0921363631656361326612144b324341542d526f73656e64616c652d4e6f64651a044b4341542206c4bc661eca2f280942203a430e81abc37c00c9378939b19a1c57c6594e938a15dd1175971a2e50255b384800

Hex Analysis:

Size:	85 bytes
Format:	Protobuf (Protocol Buffers)
Encoding:	Binary with varint and length-delimited fields

This is the raw protobuf-encoded payload as received from MQTT. The structure follows the Meshtastic protobuf schema definitions.

Packet #2879124 Success

Packet Information

Payload Data

Decoded Data: