Packet #2898025

Database ID:	2898025
Mesh Packet ID:	`0x86614bf3` Used for correlation across gateways
Timestamp:	2025-11-29 14:05:35 UTC
From Node:	K2YYD Infrastructure (MBRP)
To Node:	!ffffffff (ffff)
Success:	Processed
Protocol:	TELEMETRY_APP Port: 67

Gateway:	K2YYD MQTT Gateway 0b0b (MBMQ)
Channel:	LongFast
RSSI:	-38 dBm
SNR:	6.0 dBm
Hop Info:	0/6 hops Start: 6, Limit: 6
Relay Node:	`3f` MBRP Last byte of the last hop that relayed this packet - Candidate source node(s) based on 0-hop direct receptions

Battery:	100%
Voltage:	4.19 V
Channel Usage:	3.0%
Air Util TX:	0.5%

Raw Packet Analysis

Complete field breakdown and MQTT privacy/exposure analysis

Packet Structure

MQTT Packet Flow:
ServiceEnvelope (MQTT layer) → MeshPacket (Mesh layer) → Decoded Payload (Application data)

Total Size:	29 bytes
Gateway:	!71f80b0b
Channel:	LongFast
Payload Type:	TELEMETRY_APP
Hop Count:	Unknown / 6

Privacy Summary

Exposure Level:
Broadcast

Privacy Features:
✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Gateway node ID tracked
+ 1 more...

Exposure Risks:
⚠ Visible to all nodes on channel
⚠ Default channel - no encryption
+ 2 more...

MQTT ServiceEnvelope Fields

MQTT ServiceEnvelope contains the MeshPacket plus routing metadata

Field	Value
`gateway_id`	`!71f80b0b` Node ID format
`channel_id`	`LongFast` Default public channel
`packet`	`MeshPacket` (29 bytes) Contains the actual mesh network packet

MeshPacket Fields

Core mesh packet with routing and payload information

Field	Value	Type
`from`	`4276928319` Source node ID	uint32
`to`	`4294967295` (Broadcast) Visible to all nodes	uint32
`decoded.portnum`	`67` TELEMETRY_APP	enum
`decoded.payload_length`	`29` bytes	size
`hop_limit`	`6` Remaining hops allowed	uint32
`hop_start`	`6` Initial hop limit	uint32
`hops_taken`	`0` Calculated: hop_start - hop_limit	derived
`rx_rssi`	`-38.0` dBm Signal strength at gateway	int32
`rx_snr`	`6.00` dB Signal quality at gateway	float
`rx_time`	`2085984516` Receive timestamp	fixed32
`via_mqtt`	False Direct LoRa transmission	bool
`want_ack`	False No ACK requested	bool
`priority`	Not set	enum
`delayed`	Not set	enum
`channel`	Not set	uint32
`pki_encrypted`	False Standard encryption	bool
`next_hop`	Not set	uint32
`relay_node`	`63` Relay node ID	uint32
`tx_after`	Not set	uint32
`timestamp`	`1764425135.3667722` Unix timestamp	uint32

MQTT Privacy & Exposure Analysis

Analysis of privacy features and exposure risks when packet is shared via MQTT

Exposure Level: Broadcast

Privacy Features:

✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Gateway node ID tracked
✓ Zero-hop: direct from source to MQTT gateway

Exposure Risks:

⚠ Visible to all nodes on channel
⚠ Default channel - no encryption
⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)

MQTT-Specific Fields

Gateway ID:	`!71f80b0b`
Zero Hop Policy:	Enabled Direct gateway connection
Signal Metrics:	RSSI: -38.0 dBm SNR: 6.00 dB

Complete Payload Analysis

Detailed breakdown of all payload fields and decoded data

Payload Metadata:

Protocol:	TELEMETRY_APP
Size:	29 bytes
Decoded:	Yes

Complete Payload Data (JSON):

{ "time": 1764525914, "device_metrics": { "battery_level": 100, "voltage": 4.194, "channel_utilization": 3.04, "air_util_tx": 0.5023611, "uptime_seconds": 4582896 } }

Complete Protobuf Decode (JSON)

{ "service_envelope": { "gateway_id": "!71f80b0b", "channel_id": "LongFast", "packet": "MeshPacket (see mesh_packet below)" }, "mesh_packet": { "from": 4276928319, "to": 4294967295, "id": 2254523379, "rx_time": 2085984516, "rx_snr": 6.0, "rx_rssi": -38, "hop_limit": 6, "hop_start": 6, "via_mqtt": 0, "want_ack": 0, "priority": 0, "delayed": 0, "channel_index": null, "pki_encrypted": 0, "next_hop": 0, "relay_node": 63, "tx_after": 0, "decoded": { "portnum": 67, "payload": "0d5a872c6912160864153f3586401d5c8f424025bd9a003f28f0db9702", "want_response": null, "dest": null, "source": null, "request_id": null, "reply_id": null, "emoji": null, "parsed_payload": { "time": 1764525914, "device_metrics": { "battery_level": 100, "voltage": 4.194, "channel_utilization": 3.04, "air_util_tx": 0.5023611, "uptime_seconds": 4582896 }, "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "TELEMETRY_APP", "message_class": "Telemetry" } } } }

Raw Packet Data (29 bytes)

0d5a872c6912160864153f3586401d5c8f424025bd9a003f28f0db9702

Hex Analysis:

Size:	29 bytes
Format:	Protobuf (Protocol Buffers)
Encoding:	Binary with varint and length-delimited fields

This is the raw protobuf-encoded payload as received from MQTT. The structure follows the Meshtastic protobuf schema definitions.

Packet #2898025 Success

Packet Information

Payload Data

Decoded Data:

Device Metrics: