Packet #2449808 Success

STORE_FORWARD_APP packet from Westfield South Side (WFL0) to !ffffffff

18
Total Receptions
17
Unique Gateways
2
Hop Count
7
Payload Bytes
Packet Information
Database ID: 2449808
Mesh Packet ID: 0xb975da62
Used for correlation across gateways
Timestamp: 2025-11-20 00:16:37 UTC
From Node: Westfield South Side (WFL0)
To Node: !ffffffff (ffff)
Success: Processed
Protocol: STORE_FORWARD_APP
Port: 65
Gateway: NW Bergen (3fc4)
Channel: LongFast
RSSI: -101 dBm
SNR: -4.0 dBm
Hop Info: 2/4 hops
Start: 4, Limit: 2
Relay Node: 81 RAK3
Last byte of the last hop that relayed this packet - Candidate source node(s) based on 0-hop direct receptions
Payload Data
Protocol: STORE_FORWARD_APP
Size: 7 bytes
Decoded: Yes
Decoded Data:
{
  "rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT",
  "heartbeat": {
    "period": 900
  },
  "type": "protobuf",
  "portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP",
  "message_class": "StoreAndForward"
}
Raw Packet Analysis
Complete field breakdown and MQTT privacy/exposure analysis
Packet Structure
MQTT Packet Flow:
ServiceEnvelope (MQTT layer) → MeshPacket (Mesh layer) → Decoded Payload (Application data)
Total Size:7 bytes
Gateway:!b2a73fc4
Channel:LongFast
Payload Type:STORE_FORWARD_APP
Hop Count:2 / 4
Privacy Summary
Exposure Level:
Broadcast
Privacy Features:
✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Gateway node ID tracked
Exposure Risks:
⚠ Visible to all nodes on channel
⚠ Default channel - no encryption
+ 3 more...
MQTT ServiceEnvelope Fields

MQTT ServiceEnvelope contains the MeshPacket plus routing metadata

FieldValue
gateway_id !b2a73fc4
Node ID format
channel_id LongFast
Default public channel
packet MeshPacket (7 bytes)
Contains the actual mesh network packet
MeshPacket Fields

Core mesh packet with routing and payload information

FieldValueType
from 1169077677
Source node ID 		uint32
to 4294967295 (Broadcast)
Visible to all nodes 		uint32
decoded.portnum 65
STORE_FORWARD_APP 		enum
decoded.payload_length 7 bytes size
hop_limit 2
Remaining hops allowed 		uint32
hop_start 4
Initial hop limit 		uint32
hops_taken 2
Calculated: hop_start - hop_limit 		derived
rx_rssi -101.0 dBm
Signal strength at gateway 		int32
rx_snr -4.00 dB
Signal quality at gateway 		float
rx_time 1763597461
Receive timestamp 		fixed32
via_mqtt False
Direct LoRa transmission 		bool
want_ack False
No ACK requested 		bool
priority Not set enum
delayed Not set enum
channel Not set uint32
pki_encrypted False
Standard encryption 		bool
next_hop Not set uint32
relay_node 129
Relay node ID 		uint32
tx_after Not set uint32
timestamp 1763597797.432104
Unix timestamp 		uint32
MQTT Privacy & Exposure Analysis

Analysis of privacy features and exposure risks when packet is shared via MQTT

Exposure Level: Broadcast
Privacy Features:
  • ✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
  • ✓ Gateway node ID tracked
Exposure Risks:
  • ⚠ Visible to all nodes on channel
  • ⚠ Default channel - no encryption
  • ⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
  • ⚠ Multi-hop path visible (2 hops)
  • ⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)
MQTT-Specific Fields
Gateway ID: !b2a73fc4
Signal Metrics: RSSI: -101.0 dBm
SNR: -4.00 dB
Complete Payload Analysis

Detailed breakdown of all payload fields and decoded data

Payload Metadata:
Protocol:STORE_FORWARD_APP
Size:7 bytes
Decoded: Yes
Complete Payload Data (JSON):
{ "rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT", "heartbeat": { "period": 900 }, "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP", "message_class": "StoreAndForward" }
Complete Protobuf Decode (JSON)
{ "service_envelope": { "gateway_id": "!b2a73fc4", "channel_id": "LongFast", "packet": "MeshPacket (see mesh_packet below)" }, "mesh_packet": { "from": 1169077677, "to": 4294967295, "id": 3111508578, "rx_time": 1763597461, "rx_snr": -4.0, "rx_rssi": -101, "hop_limit": 2, "hop_start": 4, "via_mqtt": 0, "want_ack": 0, "priority": 0, "delayed": 0, "channel_index": null, "pki_encrypted": 0, "next_hop": 0, "relay_node": 129, "tx_after": 0, "decoded": { "portnum": 65, "payload": "08022203088407", "want_response": null, "dest": null, "source": null, "request_id": null, "reply_id": null, "emoji": null, "parsed_payload": { "rr": "ROUTER_HEARTBEAT", "heartbeat": { "period": 900 }, "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "STORE_FORWARD_APP", "message_class": "StoreAndForward" } } } }
Raw Packet Data (7 bytes)
08022203088407
Hex Analysis:
Size:7 bytes
Format:Protobuf (Protocol Buffers)
Encoding:Binary with varint and length-delimited fields
This is the raw protobuf-encoded payload as received from MQTT. The structure follows the Meshtastic protobuf schema definitions.
All Receptions
All gateways that received this packet
Correlation: Using Mesh Packet ID
Reception Locations

Loading reception map...

Map shows gateway locations that received this packet. Hop counts are displayed if available.
Gateway Time Offset RSSI SNR Hops Relay Channel Timestamp Actions
NW Bergen (3fc4) Primary 0.000s
Reference 		-101.0 dBm -4.00 dB 2 81 RAK3 LongFast 2025-11-20 00:16:37 UTC Current
!ebb328a2 (28a2) -438.621s
Before 		Unknown Unknown 0 ad WFL0 LongFast 2025-11-20 00:09:18 UTC View
K2XAP V4 MS (XAP4) -432.425s
Before 		-66.0 dBm 3.75 dB 1 c9 Penn LongFast 2025-11-20 00:09:25 UTC View
Steiner Studios Tower (SST) -432.415s
Before 		-115.0 dBm -7.75 dB 1 c9 Penn , JLX3 LongFast 2025-11-20 00:09:25 UTC View
ClaremontWx.net (CmWx) -432.406s
Before 		-80.0 dBm 1.25 dB 1 c9 Penn LongFast 2025-11-20 00:09:25 UTC View
Poncho@MobileBase (pft@) -432.196s
Before 		-121.0 dBm -11.25 dB 1 c9 Penn LongFast 2025-11-20 00:09:25 UTC View
DRP1 Chelsea (DRP1) -432.089s
Before 		-78.0 dBm 6.00 dB 1 c9 Penn , JLX3 LongFast 2025-11-20 00:09:25 UTC View
Claudiopolis-440c (440c) -431.989s
Before 		-101.0 dBm -13.00 dB 1 c9 Penn , JLX3 LongFast 2025-11-20 00:09:25 UTC View
CBZ0 🚕 mobile (CBZ0) -431.924s
Before 		-115.0 dBm -8.75 dB 1 c9 Penn , JLX3 LongFast 2025-11-20 00:09:25 UTC View
K2XAP / nyme.sh (XAP) -431.635s
Before 		-121.0 dBm -11.50 dB 1 c9 Penn , JLX3 LongFast 2025-11-20 00:09:25 UTC View
Fried Fish 1 | nyme.sh (FF1) -430.086s
Before 		-78.0 dBm 1.75 dB 2 40 BRRN LongFast 2025-11-20 00:09:27 UTC View
Gowanus Soda (p1p) -428.911s
Before 		-114.0 dBm -11.00 dB 2 31 a031 , ν LongFast 2025-11-20 00:09:28 UTC View
Meshtastic e41a (GRBT) -428.738s
Before 		-125.0 dBm -16.00 dB 2 31 a031 , ν LongFast 2025-11-20 00:09:28 UTC View
dkTowerBot (dkTB) -427.868s
Before 		-104.0 dBm -13.75 dB 2 80 tks , LLR1 , ncmc , NLmH , LOD LongFast 2025-11-20 00:09:29 UTC View
P0NY Express Solar Node (P0NY) -423.916s
Before 		-106.0 dBm -3.75 dB 2 e3 eee3 LongFast 2025-11-20 00:09:33 UTC View
Sunset Soda (p8p) -421.968s
Before 		-127.0 dBm -17.75 dB 1 57 CmWx LongFast 2025-11-20 00:09:35 UTC View
Meshtastic 631c (631c) -418.939s
Before 		-110.0 dBm -19.75 dB 3 2d 🪟 LongFast 2025-11-20 00:09:38 UTC View
Steiner Studios Tower (SST) +268.114s
After 		-106.0 dBm 0.25 dB 4 bb WyCt LongFast 2025-11-20 00:21:05 UTC View
18

Total Receptions

17

Unique Gateways